@寻乌果农，什么是衰退病？面对衰退病树怎么办？
<div class="wx_rich_media_content" id="jsWxContainer"><section style='text-align: center;line-height: normal;'><br></section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com"><p style='text-align: justify; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; font-family: Arial, STHeiti, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif;'><span style='font-size: 15px;font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";'>衰退病是一种世界性的柑橘病害，有苗黄型、速衰型、茎陷点型三种类型，主要通过苗木和接穗远距离传播，田间由蚜虫传播，未列入柑橘检疫性病害。衰退病毒可通过RT-PCR等技术进行鉴定，但无法区分强毒系和弱毒系。</span></p><p style='text-align: center; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0em; font-family: Arial, STHeiti, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif;'><span style='font-size: 15px;font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;width:auto;'></span></span></p><p style='text-align: justify; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 0em; font-family: Arial, STHeiti, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif;'><span style='font-size: 15px;font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";'><br></span></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="97518"><section style='text-align: center;margin: 10px auto;'><section style='display: inline-block;'><section style='display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: -22px;'><section style='width: 24px;'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;width:100%;display:block;'></span></section></section><section style='width: 50px;margin-left: 10px;transform: rotate(0deg);'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;width:100%;display:block;'></span></section><section style='background: rgb(247, 208, 59);border-radius: 7px;padding: 3px;margin-top: 4px;'><section style='border-radius: 7px; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background: rgb(254, 254, 254); letter-spacing: 1.5px; padding: 3px 4px;'><section style='width: 70%;height: 1px;background: rgb(51, 51, 51);overflow: hidden;' data-width="70%"><br></section><section data-brushtype="text" style='padding: 4px 1em;box-sizing: border-box;'><strong>柑橘衰退病主要有以下发生特点</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style='text-align: justify; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; font-family: Arial, STHeiti, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif;'><span style='font-size: 15px;font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";'><br></span></p><p style='text-align: justify; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; font-family: Arial, STHeiti, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif;'><span style='font-size: 15px;font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";'>第一是衰退病在柑橘生产中比较普遍。如2011年赣南师范大学在全市采集了1498份柑橘样品，有673份检测出衰退病毒，感病率为44.9%，检测结果与华中农业大学张建坤（采集江西兴国、于都、南康和樟树共102份柑橘样品，检测出47个带有衰退病毒，感病率46.1%）和国外学者Ke等（采集江西140份柑橘样品，66份检测出衰退病毒，感病率47.1%）的检出率相近。</span></p><p style='text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; font-family: Arial, STHeiti, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif;'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-width: initial;border-style: none;border-color: initial;margin-left: -2em;height: auto;'></span></p><p style='text-align: justify; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; font-family: Arial, STHeiti, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif;'><span style='font-size: 15px;font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";'>第二是衰退病毒分为致病力强弱不同的株系，田间存在的是不同株系的混合物，不同株系在不同柑橘品种上的表现强弱也不同。如茎陷点强毒系对脐橙的树势、产量影响较大，在温州蜜柑上虽表现茎陷点，但对树势、产量影响不大。另外，国外的经验表明，在衰退病强毒株流行的地区，弱毒系交叉保护是最有效的防治方法，但是对弱毒株系的分析和筛选是该技术应用的基础和难点。</span></p><p style='text-align: justify; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; font-family: Arial, STHeiti, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif;'><span style='font-size: 15px;font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";'><br></span></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="97518"><section style='text-align: center;margin: 10px auto;'><section style='display: inline-block;'><section style='display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: -22px;'><section style='width: 24px;'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;width:100%;display:block;'></span></section></section><section style='width: 50px;margin-left: 10px;transform: rotate(0deg);'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;width:100%;display:block;'></span></section><section style='background: rgb(247, 208, 59);border-radius: 7px;padding: 3px;margin-top: 4px;'><section style='border-radius: 7px; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background: rgb(254, 254, 254); letter-spacing: 1.5px; padding: 3px 4px;'><section style='width: 70%;height: 1px;background: rgb(51, 51, 51);overflow: hidden;' data-width="70%"><br></section><section data-brushtype="text" style='padding: 4px 1em;box-sizing: border-box;'><strong>衰退病有哪些典型症状呢？</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style='text-align: justify; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; font-family: Arial, STHeiti, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif;'><br></p><p style='text-align: justify; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; font-family: Arial, STHeiti, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif;'><span style='background-color: rgb(247, 150, 70);font-size: 15px;font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";'>衰退病在脐橙上表现为茎陷点型</span></p><p style='text-align: justify; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; font-family: Arial, STHeiti, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif;'><span style='font-size: 15px;font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";'>典型症状一</span></p><p style='text-align: justify; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; font-family: Arial, STHeiti, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif;'><span style='font-size: 15px;font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";'>老熟枝梢木质部出现黄褐色大小不一的凹陷（茎陷点或沟）。</span></p><p style='text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; font-family: Arial, STHeiti, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif;'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-width: initial;border-style: none;border-color: initial;margin-left: -2em;height: auto;'></span></p><p style='text-align: justify; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; font-family: Arial, STHeiti, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif;'><span style='font-size: 15px;font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";'>老熟枝梢剥开树皮后木质部有茎陷点或沟</span></p><p style='text-align: justify; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; font-family: Arial, STHeiti, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif;'><span style='font-size: 15px;font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";'>典型症状二</span></p><p style='text-align: justify; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; font-family: Arial, STHeiti, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif;'><span style='font-size: 15px;font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";'>新梢特别是春梢节间短，呈趴啦状和簇状。</span></p><p style='text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; font-family: Arial, STHeiti, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif;'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-width: initial;border-style: none;border-color: initial;margin-left: -2em;height: auto;'></span></p><p style='text-align: justify; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; font-family: Arial, STHeiti, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif;'><span style='font-size: 15px;font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";'>春梢节间短，呈趴啦状和簇状</span></p><p style='text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; font-family: Arial, STHeiti, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif;'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-width: initial;border-style: none;border-color: initial;margin-left: -2em;height: auto;'></span></p><p style='text-align: justify; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; font-family: Arial, STHeiti, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif;'><span style='font-size: 15px;font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";'>叶片扭曲畸形</span></p><p style='text-align: justify; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; font-family: Arial, STHeiti, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif;'><span style='font-size: 15px;font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";'>典型症状三</span></p><p style='text-align: justify; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; font-family: Arial, STHeiti, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif;'><span style='font-size: 15px;font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";'>挂果少，果实小，影响产量。</span></p><p style='text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; font-family: Arial, STHeiti, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif;'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-width: initial;border-style: none;border-color: initial;margin-left: -2em;height: auto;'></span></p><p style='text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; font-family: Arial, STHeiti, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif;'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-width: initial;border-style: none;border-color: initial;margin-left: -2em;height: auto;'></span></p><p style='text-align: justify; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; font-family: Arial, STHeiti, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif;'><span style='font-size: 15px;font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";'>衰退病树（果）与正常树（果）对比</span></p><p style='text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; font-family: Arial, STHeiti, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif;'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-width: initial;border-style: none;border-color: initial;margin-left: -2em;height: auto;'></span></p><p style='text-align: justify; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; font-family: Arial, STHeiti, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif;'><span style='font-size: 15px;font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";'>十年以上树龄脐橙衰退病树挂果状</span></p><p style='text-align: justify; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; font-family: Arial, STHeiti, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif;'><span style='font-size: 15px;font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";'>（砧木为红橘，2019年8月拍摄于湖北秭归）</span></p><p style='text-align: justify; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; font-family: Arial, STHeiti, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif;'><span style='font-size: 15px;font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";'>典型症状四</span></p><p style='text-align: justify; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; font-family: Arial, STHeiti, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif;'><span style='font-size: 15px;font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";'>树势衰退</span></p><p style='text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; font-family: Arial, STHeiti, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif;'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-width: initial;border-style: none;border-color: initial;margin-left: -2em;height: auto;'></span></p><p style='text-align: justify; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; font-family: Arial, STHeiti, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif;'><span style='font-size: 15px;font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";'>同为2017年春季种植的正常树和衰退病树长势情况</span></p><p style='text-align: justify; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; font-family: Arial, STHeiti, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif;'><span style='font-size: 15px;font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";'><br></span></p><section data-tools="135编辑器" data-id="97518"><section style='text-align: center;margin: 10px auto;'><section style='display: inline-block;'><section style='display: flex;justify-content: flex-end;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: -22px;'><section style='width: 24px;'><strong><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;width:100%;display:block;'></span></strong></section></section><section style='width: 50px;margin-left: 10px;transform: rotate(0deg);'><strong><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;width:100%;display:block;'></span></strong></section><section style='background: rgb(247, 208, 59);border-radius: 7px;padding: 3px;margin-top: 4px;'><section style='border-radius: 7px; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background: rgb(254, 254, 254); letter-spacing: 1.5px; padding: 3px 4px;'><section style='width: 70%;height: 1px;background: rgb(51, 51, 51);overflow: hidden;' data-width="70%"><br></section><section data-brushtype="text" style='padding: 4px 1em;box-sizing: border-box;'><strong>对于果园的衰退病树，该如何处理呢？</strong></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style='text-align: justify; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; font-family: Arial, STHeiti, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif;'><br></p><p style='text-align: justify; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; font-family: Arial, STHeiti, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif;'><span style='font-size: 15px;font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";'>1.定植时间在两年内的衰退病树，建议及早更换健康苗木；</span></p><p style='text-align: justify; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; font-family: Arial, STHeiti, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif;'><span style='font-size: 15px;font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";'>2.对于土壤条件差，且管理不到位的果园衰退病树，建议及早更换健康苗木；</span></p><p style='text-align: justify; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; font-family: Arial, STHeiti, 微软雅黑, SimSun, sans-serif;'><span style='font-size: 15px;font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";'>3.对于树势及产量较好的衰退病树，建议加强栽培管理，尤其是肥水管理，也可用红橘、枳橙等树势强旺的砧木进行靠接，尽量延长树体产生经济效益的时间，减少果园损失。同时，果园假植一定数量的大苗，病树一旦经济效益较差或者没有经济效益，及时更换大苗。</span></p></section></div><p></p>
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