《民法典》:斩断“咸猪手”,向性骚扰说“不”!
<div class="wx_rich_media_content" id="jsWxContainer"><section style='font-family: Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light; box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='text-align: center;margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box;' powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style='max-width: 100%;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;box-sizing: border-box;'><span class="wxart_image" wx-style='display:inline-block;vertical-align: middle;box-sizing: border-box;width: 578px;height: 923px;'></span></section></section><section style='text-align: center;margin: 10px 0%;justify-content: center;box-sizing: border-box;' powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style='display: inline-block;min-width: 10%;max-width: 100%;vertical-align: top;transform: matrix(1, 0, -0.2, 1, 0, 0);-webkit-transform: matrix(1, 0, -0.2, 1, 0, 0);-moz-transform: matrix(1, 0, -0.2, 1, 0, 0);-o-transform: matrix(1, 0, -0.2, 1, 0, 0);border-style: solid none;border-width: 1px 2px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(92, 107, 192);padding: 5px;background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);box-shadow: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 0px 0px 0px;line-height: 1;letter-spacing: 0px;width: auto;height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(92, 107, 192);padding: 5px 10px;box-sizing: border-box;' powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style='color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 17px;text-align: justify;letter-spacing: 4px;line-height: 1;font-family: line-through;box-sizing: border-box;' powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style='box-sizing: border-box;'>案例</p></section></section></section></section><section style='text-align: center;justify-content: center;margin: 20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;' powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style='display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none solid;border-width: 1px 8px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(92, 107, 192);height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='margin: -10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;' powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style='display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px;border-style: solid none;border-width: 8px 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(92, 107, 192) rgb(0, 0, 0);height: auto;background-color: rgba(0, 175, 236, 0);box-shadow: rgb(92, 107, 192) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;' powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style='text-align: justify; letter-spacing: 2px; line-height: 2; color: rgb(92, 107, 192); box-sizing: border-box;'><p style='font-size: 15px; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;'><br></p><p style=''> <font size="3">2016年12月,一名网友在微博爆料称,她供职的一大型金融机构的一名业务负责人欲“潜规则”女下属,逼迫女下属开房。被拒绝后,这名业务负责人以辞退相威胁。爆料中附有微信聊天截图。</font></p><p style=''><font size="3"> 该金融机构对这名业务负责人作出停职、停发奖金等处理。</font></p><p style=''><font size="3"> 这起事件引起了公众对职场性骚扰的高度关注,不少网友对该金融机构的处理不满,认为用人单位不能祭出停职、停奖金这样的“家法”就没事了。事件迅速发酵,几日后,该金融机构再次通报,性骚扰者已被开除。尽管从停职停薪变成了开除,但仍未获得网友们的认可。某门户网站做了一个专题调查,结果显示,86.5%的受访者对处理结果不满。有网友说,该金融机构不能因为此事是员工行为,就轻描淡写、撇清管理责任。</font></p><p style=''> <strong><span style='color: rgb(217, 33, 66);'><font size="3">那么,在职场性骚扰中,用人单位到底该担何责呢?</font></span></strong></p><p style=''><font size="3"> 此前,2005年修改的《妇女权益保障法》第40条首次立法规定了“禁止对妇女实施性骚扰,受害妇女有权向单位和有关机关投诉”。但是,什么是性骚扰,用人单位承担哪些法律责任,现行法规并没有作出具体规定,由此导致受害者维权难。有学者曾对27名性骚扰受害者做了访谈式调研,调研发现,16名受害者向单位报告了情况,但后果不尽如人意。有的单位推卸责任、掩盖事实;有的单位甚至反过来责备受害者。</font></p><p style=''><font size="3"> 对此,民法典人格权编明确了性骚扰的定义,<strong style=''><span style='color: rgb(217, 33, 66);'>“违背他人意愿,以言语、文字、图像、肢体行为等方式对他人实施性骚扰的,受害人有权依法请求行为人承担民事责任。”</span></strong>而用人单位的责任方面,<strong style=''><span style='color: rgb(217, 33, 66);'>明确机关、企业、学校等单位应当采取合理的预防、受理投诉、调查处置等措施,防止和制止利用职权、从属关系等实施性骚扰。</span></strong></font></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style='line-height: 1;box-sizing: border-box;' powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style='box-sizing: border-box;'><br style='box-sizing: border-box;'></p></section><section style='text-align: center;justify-content: center;margin: 20px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;' powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style='display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;border-style: none solid;border-width: 1px 8px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(62, 62, 62) rgb(92, 107, 192);height: auto;box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='margin: -10px 0%;box-sizing: border-box;' powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style='display: inline-block;width: 100%;vertical-align: top;padding: 10px;border-style: solid none;border-width: 8px 1px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(92, 107, 192) rgb(0, 0, 0);height: auto;background-color: rgba(0, 175, 236, 0);box-shadow: rgb(92, 107, 192) 0px 0px 0px;box-sizing: border-box;'><section style='margin-right: 0%;margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box;' powered-by="xiumi.us"><section style='text-align: justify; letter-spacing: 2px; line-height: 2; color: rgb(92, 107, 192); box-sizing: border-box;'><p style='font-size: 15px; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;'><strong style='box-sizing: border-box;'><span style='font-family: line-through;font-size: 18px;background-color: rgba(1, 175, 236, 0);box-sizing: border-box;'>《中华人民共和国民法典》</span></strong></p><p style='font-size: 15px; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;'><strong style='box-sizing: border-box;'><span style='font-family: line-through;font-size: 18px;background-color: rgba(1, 175, 236, 0);box-sizing: border-box;'>第一千零一十条规定</span></strong></p><p style='text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;'><span style='font-family: line-through; background-color: rgba(1, 175, 236, 0); box-sizing: border-box;'><font size="3">违背他人意愿,以言语、文字、图像、肢体行为等方式对他人实施性骚扰的,受害人有权依法请求行为人承担民事责任。</font></span></p><p style='box-sizing: border-box;'><font size="3"><span style='font-family: line-through; box-sizing: border-box;'> </span><strong><span style='font-family: line-through; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(217, 33, 66);'>机关、企业、学校等单位应当采取合理的预防、受理投诉、调查处置等措施,防止和制止利用职权、从属关系等实施性骚扰。</span></strong></font></p><p style='text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;'><span style='text-indent: 2em;background-color: rgba(1, 175, 236, 0);box-sizing: border-box;'><font size="3"> <span style='text-indent: 2em; background-color: rgba(0, 175, 236, 0); font-family: line-through; box-sizing: border-box;'>为避免诉讼时证据不足,遭遇性骚扰时,应当及时保留聊天记录、通话录音等有利证据。</span></font></span></p><p style='text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;'><font size="3"><span style='text-indent: 2em; background-color: rgba(0, 175, 236, 0); font-family: line-through; box-sizing: border-box;'>另外,根据民法典第一千零一十条条的规定,用人单位也有预防、受理投诉、调查处置等义务,</span><strong style=''><span style='font-family: line-through; text-indent: 2em; background-color: rgba(1, 175, 236, 0); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(217, 33, 66);'>因此,遭遇性骚扰而打官司时,可以要求用人单位提供有关监控视频、受理投诉或调查处置记录簿,用人单位有义务向法庭提交相关证据材料,还可以申请同事出庭作证,用人单位应当予以配合协助。</span></strong><span style='text-indent: 2em; background-color: rgba(0, 175, 236, 0); font-family: line-through; box-sizing: border-box;'> </span></font><br style='box-sizing: border-box;'></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style='box-sizing: border-box;' powered-by="xiumi.us"><p style='box-sizing: border-box;'><br style='box-sizing: border-box;'></p></section></section><p style='text-align: center;'><br></p></div>
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